Education System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Education System - Essay fashion modelThe Equal Status Act, 2000 is guided by the principle of equal rights and participation among community members (Houses of the Oireachtus, 2006). The Act includes entrance fee to service, facilities and amenities across ethnicity, age, gender, religious beliefs, sexual orientation, political affiliation or physical and mental ability, or membership of a traveller community. However, there is a distinct lack of empirical evaluation of factual classroom practices of equality as provided by teachers and schools (Breen, 1998 Breen & Jonsson, 2005).Issues of exclusion within the education system reflect concerns for the schooling attainments of groups that are differentiated by language, religion, ideology or culture, socio-economic status or who are political or economic immigrants. Socio-economic and political infrastructure within the nation aims to cultivate within students a sense of inclusive identity, which requires classroom practices that respect different traditions across community aggregates, and that encourage tolerance, acceptance and respect for affable differences (Center for the Study of conflict CAINS, 1996). Inclusive education requires that all students are recognised as part of twain the school and wider community, regardless of the students learning strengths and weaknesses (Hanafin & Lynch, 2002). The principles of inclusive education contributed to the development of a national education program, Delivering comparability of Opportunity in Schools (DEIS) (Department of Education & Science, 2006). However, literature reviewing the effectiveness of the program is lacking.This research proposal aims to evaluate actual classroom practices of equality and inclusiveness with regard to socio-economic status amongst secondary students in the Republic. A pre-post research design go forth be used, incorporating a mixed method of student surveys and end of term grades. The final thesis give be divided in to five chapters 1) An Introduction to the topic 2) A Literature Review of pertinent empirical studies to identify the present state of research, to identify gaps so as to develop the research hypotheses 3) A Method section to outline the schools characteristics, participant demographics, selection criteria and the obtaining of informed consent, as well as enlarge the research design, materials to be used, and the procedure of the study 4) The Results section will provide the findings of analyses and include tables and graphs as steal and 5) A Discussion section, which will identify if the hypotheses were stand-ined or not whilst linking findings to current discourse as presented in the Literature Review. The limitations of the study will also be delineated, and recommendations for future empirical research shall be made.It is anticipated that this research project will positively contribute to the development of chaplaincy programs that will support equality of access to educatio n, and enhance inclusiveness within schools of the Republic. ReferencesBreen, R. (1998). The persistence of class origin inequalities among school leavers in the Republic of Ireland,

The Significance of HER 2 Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer Tissue Essay

The Significance of HER 2 Receptor Expression in Breast Cancer Tissue - Essay ExampleIt has been found that up to 25% of dumbbell cancer patients will have an amplification of the HER2/neu gene or an increase in HER2 production (Songdong et al, 2006). Additionally, any patient with amplification of this gene will generally have an increased likelihood of cancer recurrence and a more aggressive pretend of cancer (Meng et al, 2004). The purpose of this paper is to address further the significance of HER2 receptor expression in breast cancers, and describe the laboratory methods of detecting this protein in detail. This will give an overview of the complications of overexpression of HER2 and allow the reader an insight into how important the HER2 protein and the HER2/neu gene are in breast cancers and how the detection of these can allow for insight into breast cancer and can lead to a reduction in the number of fatalities from breast cancer. Significance of HER2 in Breast Cancers The significance of the HER2 protein in breast cancers has been wide discussed in the literature. As previously mentioned, Overexpression of urokinase plasminogen activator system or HER-2 (erbB-2) in breast cancer is associated with a poor prognosis (Songdong et al, 2006, p17361). ... ding two cysteine rich domains, a transmembrane domain, and an intracellular domain, consisting of a juxtamembrane region, a tyrosine kinase domain, and a carboxyl tail harboring autophosphorylation sites (Brennan, 2002, p328). It is the binding of certain cognate cofactors to this trans-membrane receptor that regulates cell growth and differentiation, which occurs through the activation of receptor tyrosine kinases (Brennan, 2002). This is a type of signal transduction pathway, which in the case of HER2 involves ogliomerization (Meng et al, 2004) and dimerization (Brennan, 2002). On a study of rats by Bargmann et al (1986), it was found that the neu gene (which is classed as protooncogene) is convert ed to the aggressive oncogene associated with overproduction of HER2 by a champion point mutation at position 664 of the protein sequence. This mutation is from a valine to the negatively-charged glutamate, and is associated with an increase of the liklihood that the receptor will form aggregates. Unfortunately, the mutation at position 664 is not found in humans, but this has given clues as to the instrument of the HER2 protein in causing the more aggressive forms of breast cancers. Figure 1 shows the pathway that HER2 plays a character in within the confines of breast cancer. Figure 1 Cross-talk between signal transduction pathways and ER house in endocrine resistant breast cancer, with opportunities for targeted intervention (Ellis & Ma, 2007, p107) An insight into these pathways allows for recognition of interventions that can be use to negate the effects of the increased production of HER2. From figure 1, it is evident that HER2 is surface-membrane protein with a critical role in the MAPK/ERK signal transduction pathway. The MAPK/ERK pathway passes a signal from

Cultural Issues in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cultural Issues in Management - Essay Example(Ghauri, P., & Fang, T. 2001). There argon many direction issues that are affecting both the Japanese employees and the American employees due to the differences in heathenish practices. These differences should be integrated so that the companys activities can be done effectively and efficiently. A chief issue affecting the company is differences in context cultures of both Americans and Japanese. Japanese employees are eminent context cultures while Americans have low context cultures. Japans people value soulal relation and groovy will while Americans value expertise and performance. Japanese make agreements on the basis of general bank while Americans make agreements based on specified legal contract. In cross cultural discourse amid the Americans and the Japanese, there will be conflict of understanding and extremely long time is needed to have consensus in any aspect. This has always forced the company to make late decisions . To solve the fuss arising from context culture, the company should come up with guidelines for how things are done so that there are no conflicts of interests due to cultural differences. Secondly, there are vast difference in the attitudes of sale force between the Japanese and the Americans. Japanese have particularism and high universalism as illustrated by Trompenaars cultural perspectives. Americans have the attitude of make full or leave in sales while the Japanese have room for modification and customization to declare the opinions of the customers. The company should adopt the Japanese attitude of sales and train the Americans on some of the techniques since it gives more customers gratification and less harassment. The company should also come up with sales commissions to boost more sales. This will encourage the Americans to adopt the Japanese attitude of sales that they can achieve higher sales. (Ghauri, P., & Fang, T. 2001). The management of Chiba international ha s ch bothenges because it comprises of both Americans and Japanese. American managers are individualistic in nature while the Japanese are collective. Americans are come to with their issues and their reporting authority while the Japanese are pertain with the overall objectives of the company. The individualistic nature of the Americans has guide to power conflicts amongst themselves, and this has derailed many activities in trying to solve the problem. In the recruitment process, the Japanese are concerned with performance, ability, and the attitude of a person measured in an interview. The Americans lay most of the emphasis on the person who has high education credentials. This has lead to poor communication between the two workforces. Chiba communication should come up with clear separation of duties so that there is no conflict in any decision devising process. In the recruitment process, the company can use external employment bureaus and set the standards for qualificatio n. (Kedia., & Mukherji, 1999). In the management of financial activities, there is a wide variation between the Japanese and the Americans. The management of the Japanese follows all the financial activities throughout the company. All the expenses and revenues are accounted for when they are incurred or earned. Chiba international follows the theory of noodle go-cart which considers expenditure of all resources for any objective achieved

The goal of an artist is to express his vision regardless of the Essay

The goal of an artist is to express his vision regardless of the publics reaction - Essay ExampleThe first point that comes to mind is that the purpose of art is to give pleasure. At this juncture, a look in to The nature of Art by Cothey will be useful. According to Cothey (21), a commonly used analogy is that art is the food for the mind. Now, one has to read the explanation provided by Tolstoy, the great artist of all times. In What is Art?, he says that the satisfaction of our taste nookienot serve as a basis for our definition of the merits of the food. In the same way, beauty, or that which pleases us, can in no brain serve as a basis for the definition of art. (Cothey, 21 ). Now, it becomes easy to have a clear idea about the purpose of art. It is obvious that the quality of art cannot be measured by the extent to which it is pleasing to the general public. Instead, its nutritional value might lie somewhere else. To illustrate, the work relinquish Lips Sink Ships by Pet er Langenbach portrays former President Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky in a bathtub. It is an admitted fact that neither Clinton nor his admirers would be able to enjoy the art though the artist hugely succeeded in creating humor, having both artistic and nutritional value. At this juncture, it seems beneficial to incorporate the Aristotle view that tragedy can result in a catharsis of emotions. Now, if someone analyses the controversial art works of the past, one can identify the fact that to each one of them, though evinceed in the most erratic, insane and inhuman way, has a favorable reality to say, either presented in a direct way or indicating to the issue subtly. To illustrate, Renee Cox, in Yo Mamas Last Supper presented a nude African-American portraying Jesus. Though many find this highly offensive, for the sake of argument, one can say that the artist wanted to show the attractiveness of the Church, the alluring nature of Jesus, and so on. In new(prenominal) words, the beauty of art really lies in the eyes of the beholder. One cannot forget how Leonardo da Vinci calm creates confusion in the Last Supper through the presence of Mary Magdalene and how Dan Brown wrote The Da Vinci Code. Now, it seems evident that the beauty of art lies in vivid imagination that knows no boundaries. Erecting barriers in the name of social norms, religion, culture and ethics can only kill the aggregate of art. In other words, had there been unbending imposition of rules on art, many of the masterpieces of the history would not have been developed. They all had their birth because of the intellectual emancipation enjoyed by the artists. As V. S. Ramachandran and William Hirstein observe, all art is caricature (Ramachandran and Hirstein, 18). Their study points towards the purpose of art, according Hindu view, as conveying rasa or essence (17). To achieve this purpose, the artists often append the features they observe. As an example, the researchers point out h ow artists amplify the feminine features of a fe anthropoid while portraying a female, and how they overemphasize the masculine features of a male to convey essence. In addition, the researchers point out the fact that if the purpose of art is to merely present a reality directly, it could be more easily done using a camera (Ramachandran and Hirstein, 16). Thus, the essence of art lies in enhancing, transcending, and even distorting reality. Artists, throughout history, were well

Chicago as global city_Census analysis_1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 Dissertation

Chicago as global urban center_ nose count analysis_1980, 1990, 2000, 2010 - Dissertation ExampleMethodological Framework. For the purposes of the present sight, a problematique of urban restructuring serves as its principal object. With this in mind, two core chances will be highlighted. The first one is connected with the occupational shift brought about by neoliberal globalization, which is inescapably followed by the emergence of the dual urban center (Mollenkopf and Castells) class structure, i.e. the development of the new professional-managerial class, on the one hand, and the growth of the ranks of service worker-composed underclass, on the other. The latter aspect is, in fact, adjacent to the former one, resulting from the need to cope with the problem of the formation of new consumption models that are directly tied to the newest changes in production/occupational patterns. For that reason, the research in post-modern urban geography, with a unique(predicate) focus o n its relationship with capitalism, is of utmost importance as demonstrated, inter alia, by the pivotal deeds by David Harvey. That said, an examination of the intricacies of the neoliberal transformation of Chicago in the decades from the 1980 on is scarcely possible without fetching into account the results of the numberes that document the demographical changes that transpired in the city for the duration of this period. That is why it is necessary to turn the attention of a researcher to these data. Chicago Census Data as a Source. The main purpose of a census is to provide information on socio-economic and demographic variables of a given population groups. That is why the use of U.S. Censuses and link datasets are of utmost importance within the context of the present study. The comparative analysis of the cumulative changes in Chicagos demographics and particularly occupational structure will be duly reflected in this studys analysis. Chicagos Data for the Period of 1980 1990 Summary. Within this period, the city of Chicago still hold certain basic elements of a Fordist, industry-dominated, social structure. The following table may reflect some rudimentary trends that nevertheless brought about a gradual shift towards a more post-modern situation. Missouri State Census Data Center Basic Demographic Trend Report United States Cities AREA Chicago city GEOCODE17-1051 IL ------1980------ ------1990------ ----CHANGE---- CHG VARIABLE VALUE PCT VALUE PCT AMOUNT PCT IN % ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- T1. wide-cut PERSONS....... 3,005,078 100.0% 2,783,726 100.0% -221352 -7.4 LIVING IN FAMILIES.... 2,519,648 83.8% 2,274,594 81.7% -245054 -9.7 -2.1 IN GROUP QUARTERS..... 46,066 1.5% 46,903 1.7% 837 1.8 0.2 IN RURAL AREAS........ 0 0.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0 T2. look sharp / HISPANIC WHITE................. 1,512,411 50.3% 1,265,953 45.5% -246458 -16.3 -4.9 AFRICAN-AMERICAN...... 1,197,174 39.8% 1,086,389 39.0% -110 785 -9.3 -0.8 ASIAN & PAC. ISLANDER. 73,745 2.5% 104,141 3.7% 30,396 41.2 1.3 AM. INDIAN, ESK. ALEUT 6,804 0.2% 6,761 0.2% -43 -0.6 0.0 HISPANIC (ANY RACE)... 423,357 14.1% 535,315 19.2% 111,958 26.4 5.1 T3. PERSONS BY AGE UNDER 5............... 231,181 7.7% 214,994 7.7% -16,187 -7.0 0.0

Film critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Film critique - Essay ExampleIt also highlights the decisions and activities that characterized the Bush administration after the family line 11 incident. According to Michael Moore, the Bush administration used the tragic September 11 incident as an excuse to engage in unsportsmanlike wars in Afghanistan and Iraq (Moore, 2004). The plot of the documentary revolves close to the September 11 incident. This is a critical account in the history of the joined States. Michael Moore pursues a very critical payoff and issue in this film, expressing social, economic and political concerns that surrounded joined States after the terrorist attack. This means that Fahrenheit 9/11 (2004) is centrally located in the heart of American population, thereby being likely to bring massive audience. Michael Moore successfully establishes a strong audience base by pursuing an issue that more just took as terrorist attack. To Moore, the aftermath of the attack took a new perspective that laid groun d for unjust practices by Bush and his administration. Michael Moores analysis of what happened after the September 11 incident leaves so very much to be desired. For this reason, the setting of the film is critically positioned. The film was produced three years after the attacks, a condemnation when wounds were still fresh in the minds of many and the political debate of the incident was still exacerbating. This timing on this film is perfect, given that all aspects of the American life had been affected by the incident. The highlighted interviews, and the collected views and opinions of the American people show that different people had different understanding of the events that followed the attacks. In this regard, Michael Moore gets those who argue alongside his claims, as sound those who dispute the claims outlined in the film. This film is, therefore, two-sided, meaning that it encompasses both propositions and oppositions to the issues raised. In other words, the tragic e vents that befell United States in September 11 are clearly outlined before Moore expresses his view on the matter. later on these events are highlighted, a critical evaluation of the matter is done. In so doing, the American society has exclusively associated itself with part of the film in one way or another, whether they agree or disagree with Moores views. opus Moore has successfully tried to account for what happened after the September 11 terrorist attacks, some of his views are exaggerated. While his allegations against the Bush administration are true, some of them are way too much personal. The fact that United States is the worlds superpower gives it a significant reason to engage in war at it deems necessary. Moore disputes the Bush administrations reason to engage Afghanistan and Iraq in war, terming the action unjust (Moore, 2004). However, Osama and his terrorist group Al Qaeda admitted to carrying out the attacks. This was not the first time that Osama and his team had busy in terrorism. Other states around the world had also experienced terrorist attacks before United States did. Even if United States could not have engaged wars in Afghanistan and Iraq on her behalf, it was right to do so, on behalf of the weaker world communities that had previously been targeted by terrorist groups. Michael Moore wrote the script to the film, and by and by directed it. He, therefore, delivers a quality film in

Fast Food Franchise Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fast Food Franchise - Coursework ExampleBoth Pizza army hut and Arbys usually have gift cards offered to loyal customers of the franchise. Arbys gift is commonly a packet of freshly sliced meat (Arbys). Pizza Hut offers gifts to its customers but unlike Arbys it has a variety of gifts that the client chooses. Some of the most common gifts from Pizza Hut to its loyal clients embroil e-gifts and traditional gifts that normally comprise of pizza, pasta, wings and much more(prenominal) (Pizza Hut). The two companies too have various promotional orders. This is normally in a move to create more sensation of their products to the people in a bid to attract more clients. Apart from television, Arbys promotional method comprises of use of mascots while Pizza Hut normally relies on offering gifts.The layouts could be an advantage or hindrance to productivity. Gifts cards are the most used forms of luring clients into becoming loyal to the alliance. This is because once one receives a gift card he or she becomes a loyal client. Continuous purchasing of food from the play along by using the gift card normally results to one getting points, which are usually redeemed for a free meal. Gift cards can also result to a drop in productivity. This is because, once many people have gift cards, the company would start giving out more free food in the form of gifts. Promotional methods used by these companies can be discriminatory yet at the same time can be a hindrance to the companys productivity. The use of television advertisement is a better promotion method. This is because it normally reaches many people at a rather short period. The methods can also be a hindrance to productivity. This is because not many people watch television and this might result to low response from the television promotions hence resulting to exasperate in a firms productivity. The use of mascots as a promotional method is normally beneficial to a company. One reason why mascots enhance pr oductivity in a company is that

School Finance Lawsuit on Track to Trial Date Essay

School Finance Lawsuit on Track to Trial Date - assay ExampleThis publication is about the Fort Bend ISD representing 84 school districts that are suing the state and similarly seeking massive education reforms.From the publication, we learn that fort bend ISD is representing a group of 84 another(prenominal) schools in suing the state and seeking massive education reforms.They argue that the state is not giving the schools comely resources to meet the rising standards of education. Fort Bend ISD attorney describes the situation as being given a mission and not being given the tools to accomplish this mission.This publication points out that the mission set by the state for schools to meet cannot be accomplished if qualified tools to accomplish this mission are not provided by the state. It is, therefore, indicateed that for 70 percent of pupils to meet the standards substantial additional funding per kid should be implemented. School superintendents suggest at least a couple o f thousands of bucks per kid. This is according to fort bend ISD attorney David Thompson.Thompson is taking quatern depositions a day from superintendents and experts for a week before the trial date. His firm is coordinating with lawyers representing the other petitioners to pick who will take the lead on professionals, who will bear witness to the crisis they see with school financing. This mover that the state should put more resources at the disposal of schools for them to meet the objectives and missions that they demand from schools.The reader should implement this pay back in real life situations. Once the reader sets a mission there should be adequate resources to enable the achievement of this mission. For better education to be achieved in public schools, additional funding is native to achieve this.

Public Service Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

everyday Service Management - Essay ExampleAfter giving a brief picture f the value I shall go into detail about each element so as to hap a broader view f the topic.An important question, which has to be addressed before moving on, is whether on that point is so much need for a public service. We are in an era where close f the serve offered by government through its public service are already being offered too by the private sector. May I say, about f the times the private sector supplies these services in a more efficient way. People who follow the laissez-faire ideology argue that governments have been complex in activities which are inappropriate and that the size and role f government needs to be drastically cut back. The role f the government and the way it intervenes has always been highly debatable by the sundry(a) ideologies and surely will remain highly debatable in addition in the future. (Parsons 1995)As we have mentioned before, most f the activities carried o ut by government can be allowed to occur through the market clay without the need f government intervention. There are a series f circumstances where this does not apply. Such situations include government regulations securing free entry to producers in the market, securing that the consumer is given all the product information, haughty competition, and protecting and regulating all the contractual arrangement set up within the market. The market arrangement does not necessarily bring high employment, price stability and the socially desired rate f economic growth. Public policy from the government is needed to deal with these factors. Adjustments in the social values collectable to redistribution f wealth through the market system have to be catered for too. The same thing applies also when speaking f market failures resulting from public goods, externalities and situations f natural monopolies or where there is imperfect information. gum olibanum we have seen that a certain le vel f government intervention is always desirable. The degree f this intervention also depends on the political and social ideologies f the environment where this occurs. If for example we take Malta, there has always been a paternalistic approach to government. The way in which government acts, reflects also in the size f the public sector. In order to deal with education, health care, national defense, environment, public transport, law and order, wellbeing services etc governments need to have an efficient public service which in turn inevitably becomes f large proportions. Even if nowadays with Maltas future entry in the European Union, government is moving towards a direction where it seeks to reduce the size f the public service in order to operate in the most efficient ways by means f privatization.If we start looking at the values f the public service, the first thing that comes to mind is the bureaucratic way in which it operates. Bureaucracy most f the times is mistakenly associated with a bad image. Bureaucracy is a system f memorial tablet in which the horizontal divisions between various elements or departments are complemented by vertical divisions f authority, and make full by professional career specialists. The bureaucracy can be considered as being the

Operations Management At BMW Mini Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operations Management At BMW Mini - Essay ExampleMultistage and single-stage production systems that shed a supply chain flexibility are establish on multiple production sites with habituation on how the firms al mending of products and resources to various sites.Formalization of BMWs strategic prep process, as well as interfaces across strategic load planning, defines the firms partial strategies. BMW has rigid location strategies, allocation strategies, flexibility and capacity strategies, and make-or-buy strategies. The characteristics of such strategies are critical to impacting premium car manufacturing, unlike chaw product manufacturers (Riesenbeck & Perrey, 2009, p 156). For example, the determination of location dodge means that BMW should consider the availability of qualified violence in foreign countries and positive impact on the production image of Germany. Determination of the allocation strategy is based on BMWs goal to make highly customized cars based on orders and requires more tractile assembly lines to be used for any product within the plant.The direction of BMWs sustainability strategy is based in the global focus on international markets. Involvement of all management board members schedules planning processes for sustainability and convenes diverse interest and assessments of the communitys progress. Responsibility for the operative implementation includes evaluation of measures among individual company divisions and the focus of the sustainability circle. The implication is that there are representations on sustainable business operations and environment responsiveness. The responsibilities of the cosmos include evaluation and identification of opportunities and risks relating to sustainability. The concept also oversees continued product enhancement in call of sustainability strategies (Lussier, 2011, p 78). The firms performance refers to sustainability

Human resources management final exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Human resources management final exam - Essay modellingIn addition, lead should provide the required information and resources for realising that vision, and balance and coordinate conflicting interests among members and stakeholders (leadership, 2010). Leaders, whilst shouldering responsibility for the good group, should also motivate their following and ensure that they realise their objectives. They should also ensure continuity and momentum, permit neuter if warranted, and should be sufficiently ahead of the group (ME96 Leadership, n.d.). A transactional leader ensures compliance, by providing incentives, threat of punishment, and appeal to the unselfish leanings of the group members or their sense of rationalism. On the other hand transformational leaders eat up to improve themselves, asses the leadership situation, and circumstances in which their followers reach beyond the extant requirements. Such leaders have to to the full employ their followers, thereby fulfilling t heir higher necessities (Martin, 2006, p. 46). These leaders argon strongly governed by their mission and enjoy a dedicated following. Leadership is distinguished by being unidirectional, static and intrapersonal. What commences as a process of shared influence amongst individuals culminates with the passage of time, mutual interaction and an array of contextual elements engenders a leadership identity that is primed(p) and lasting (De Rue and Ashford, 2010, p. 628). Managerial skill emerges from external sources, standards of an organisation and procedures. The policies of an organisation could constitute the justification for managerial decisions. Leadership emerges from awareness or the leaders ability to process information (Blank, 2001, p. 19). Leaders patch up on the basis of what they consider to be signifi kittyt and what demands attention. Leaders are not born, and there is no hereditary plan or inborn arrangement that creates a leader. History is replete with individual s who were termed leaders, as they were qualified to attract supporters (Blank, 2001, p. 8). The process of making others willing followers requires certain skills. Leadership is a skill that can be bettered through practice. It can be improved by personal experience and the organised vignette of the relationships between people (Are leaders born or made? 2011). Leadership may be obtained and essential through intentional practice. Although leadership has considerable influence, there are other factors that affect organisational effectiveness. Some of these are investments, strategic planning, marketing and product development, secondary capacities, motivation and input (Larsson and Vinberg, 2010, p. 318). Good leaders necessarily get risk forbearance, and the capacity to control others and increase the value of their surroundings. They should also have sufficient courage to pull themselves, and the capacity to accept rejection of their initiatives (McCrimmon, 2011). Question 2 deviate Change in variegated forms is an inescapable lawfulness of life. Individual concentrate on change and the adaptations required to deal with its effects. On occasion, individuals themselves effect change (How We Change, Stages of Change, n.d.). Change is the universal bedrock, which is especially true of enterprises that are actuated by market pressures. Such business entities have to incorporate in their objectives, better quality, productivity and flexibility uninterrupted innovation and the capacity to change, in dress to provide an adequate response to market demands. Effective

Uncertainty reduction theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

unbelief reduction theory - Essay Examplelationship has been made certain and they seem to be engaging in verbal discussion probably disclosing information rough self and reciprocating each others feelings ground on how they are looking at each other.The film the dip is about a new-made man who is a vampire and a young lady who are schoolmates. The man distances himself from others and does not fill himself likeable to anyone. The young woman however sees something different in him that she likes and hence tries to find out much about him as well as seek courage and opportunity to be close to him.The Twilight is the surpass film to explain the concept of uncertainty reduction theory. Bella observes Edward from a far in the cafeteria nerve-wracking to figure him out and wanting to eff about him and why he seems mysterious. This is the passive strategy level where there is simply observation of the person in an environment that seems natural. Bella goes further and produces asking fellow students about Edward in a bid to find out more about him and this is the active strategy phase. The item that they take the class is an added advantage to the fact finding mission. Finally the opportunity to talk to him comes when Edward is made Bellas Biology partners and they get to talk. This is the interactive strategy phase of the theory (Littlejohn and Foss 52).The talk reduces the uncertainties Bella had about Edward as she gets to know him better through verbal output as they talk and non-verbal warmth as either troupe shows signs of willingness to be more than lab partners. They self-disclose information about each other while communicating and they start reciprocating their feelings towards each other once the liking and similarity phase has passed and they have formed a congeneric even though it has its own share of complications (Knapp and Vangelisti, 64).The uncertainty reduction theory has helped explain my relationship with my best friend fort the l ast four years. I saw her when she moved into my

Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 24

Personal controversy ExampleThis is what I am interested in and this is what I would like to pursue my studying with. I find business administration important as it helps to manages business operations, make right decisions for the effectiveness of the sure organization or firm. It also refers to such management functions as finance and personnel, which I find exceedingly important for the development of any business.Since business management is a field I am greatly interested in, I would like to learn more somewhat it. Despite the fact that I befuddle a broad range of interests, I have always been attracted by business management as I open many exciting opportunities of the business environment with its demands and challenges. In addition, the thing that excites me the most about business administration is that it can directly and indirectly influence peoples lives.I am ambitious person with the ability to set traits for the effective business management. I am opened to sour collaboratively because I have strong team- operative skills. However, I also succeed in achieving great results while working individually. My organisational skills helped me to achieve more through my academic work and personal experience. I find my key strengths argon the ability to make analytical judgements and make decisions after assessing different business situations. I also am able to identify important points in order to target the key audience. I am capable to attract and retain people by preparing well thought out and informative presentations as for individuals as for groups.Currently I am studying in the Into City University Foundation, located in London, UK with the main bailiwick in International Foundation in Business and Economics with Accounting. I should mention that the more I study this subject, the more my interest grows with it and I have also opened to myself that it is more than management, the main estimate that customers attitude, whether it is god or bad, is the exceptional. Serving people

White Collar Crime and Corporate Crime. To what extent are the Essay

White Collar Crime and Corporate Crime. To what extent are the regulatory regimes for White Collar Crime (WCC) and Corporate Crime (CC) working - Essay ExampleThe priming coat behind these concerns is simple, edicts have everlastingly prioritized street discourtesys over WCC and when it comes to corporations, regulations take these offences lightly. It seems governmental regulations seek their benefit in every large scale offense. Apart from the legislator concern, public uphold the opinion in the following words There is al moods a lingering suspicion that the professional criminal is getting off leniently in our legal expert system. (Poveda, 1994, p. 4) In this respect, an awareness of white collar and corporate crime officially encourages us to rally critically about the nature of crime and how regulations deal with it.One of the defining characteristics of white-collar crime is their hostile characteristic both on the one hand of upstanding citizen, in terms of their con tribution to unpaid worker civic activities for example, and on the other criminal, displayed through the harm they caused through their illegal activities (Benson, 1984).Economic or white-collar crimes are performed on a large scale, sophistically such as fraud committed on behalf of government exertion or against any corporation, and antitrust violations are notoriously demanding to quantify because victims often do not know they have been subject to a criminal offense. Since they are committed on a broader spectrum, thereof government is not much concerned about them as compared to other crimes. Therefore, there is no key regulation or survey application or reporting mechanism to combat with these sorts of crimes or the losings occurred by their frauds. Apart from the critics if we analyse regulatory efforts, it is clear that Government regulatory agencies after crime occurrent collect the original figure of fraud thereby reporting them as they see fit. However, it is often difficult to verify their methodology of reckoning accurate figures that can be compared in any meaningful way. loafer the continuous growth of such crimes, is the organised criminality left over from the operation of licit markets and their regulation to suggest that governmental interventions are having the unintended consequence of generating organised criminal activity within and without guinea pig boundaries. (Edwards & Gill, 2003, p. 143) Therefore, un wish well violent or street crime, WCC and CC is not analysed or measured through investigations like victim surveys, or comprehensive surveys of the incidence or cost of white-collar crimes. Similarly there is no sampling methodology like fingerprints and crime definitions are seldom transparent, making comparability across crime particularly difficult. However, if the estimates are to be believed, white-collar crime causes tangible losses far in additional of tangible losses associated with street crimes.The regulatory reg imes of such broad offences first determine what counts as crime in a particular society. Crime and Punishment gets this right Crime and Society doesnt. Yet law, a commodity with which the state is endowed, defines and shapes not just now spheres of outright illegality like WCC and CC crime, but also certain zones of ambiguity. The ambiguity in the states relation to law whitethorn be evoked by saying that the state has for ages been favoring illegality directly or indirectly. This is nowhere clearer than in the way that state exaction, regulations, and prohibition influence and even determine the incidence of criminal and organized criminal activity (Farer 1999, p. 251).More than any other form of state intervention, it is

Marketing research -- MBA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Marketing inquiry -- MBA - Essay ExampleThe classifications of trade enquiry are evaluated in four ways, which are purposive marketplace look, secondary and primary market research, qualitative and quantitative market research, business to business, and business to customers market research. The purposive market research contains trey basic research designs, which are exploratory research, descriptive research, and causal research (Malhotra, 2010). According to its name, the descriptive research is to describe something, usually market characteristics or functions (Malhotra and Birks, 2007). Descriptive research is often preplanned and structured as the research questions are clearly defined. It is often used to describe the potential size of the market building consumers profiles touchstone consumer perception towards a product or brand to make specific future predictions, for example, the future sales level for the company (Quee, 1999). Compared to the exploratory research, descriptive research is characterized by the prior setting of specific hypotheses. Furthermore, the descriptive research can be further classified into cross-sectional research and longitudinal research (Malhotra and Birks, 2007). In the report, the the questions that will be examined are what are the purposes of using descriptive market research what are the advantages for the descriptive market research what are the difficulties that may rise in using descriptive market research? It helps to understand the methodologies of market research as well as to critically analyze the effectiveness of descriptive market research.The purpose of marketing research is described as to Gain a more precise understanding of consumers needs reduce the risk of product/business failure and forecast future trends. (Tutor2u, 2010)The descriptive market research is primarily focused on the gathering of numeric,

Management Contracting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

focal point Contracting - Essay ExampleThe paper tells that a excogitate-build contract refers to an outstanding type of project tar system used in construction as well as renovation projects. In this form of contract, the lymph node awards the project to a contractor. After the client enters into the contract with the contractor, the contractor is responsible for all visualise as well as construction work ask to complete the project. This will allow the client to deal with one source during the construction of the innovative and eye catching new property as opposed to coordinating various parties. If the client awards the design-build contract to a builder, the builder is responsible for hiring all engineers and architects needed to complete the work of designing the new property. The client has the right to reject or approve design options however, he is no longer responsible for managing or coordinating the design team. When the owner approves the design, the same contract or directs the construction process of the new property and hires subcontractors if needed. Most clients sign build contracts after a dialogue as opposed to a bid process. NEC3 contract is a family of contracts that facilitate the implementation of sound centering practices and principles and defining legal relationships. The contract is a positive as well as a progressive tense form of contract that allows every part to participate in and contribute to the successful delivery of facilities, buildings, as well as best value solutions. The client and the contractor collaborate and their collaborative working crosswise the whole construction process boosts the likely project outcomes. The contract stimulates good management of the relationship among the client and contractor and the work included in the contract (NEC 2010). The contract offers clients and contractors project focused outcomes leading(a) to the achievement of the client objectives for the projects in terms of ultim ate performance, quality, time and cost aspects. The NEC3 contract is advantageous in that it designs a system for managing the construction project interfaces. It also gets all the parties to sign up to the contract and

Buddhism- Critical Thinking Paper Essay Example for Free

Buddhism- circumstantial Thinking Paper EssayOctober 3, 2011 Buddhism- Critical Thinking Paper Part One Origin Buddhism was founded by Prince Siddhartha Gautama. His father the king kept him furnish from the world. He never witnessed sadness, hungry, pain, or the aging. On four occasions he had visions of people sick, hungry and dying. after(prenominal) having the visions he left his family and his home to go out to experience the world on the Great repudiation. For six years he had very little to eat or drink. Finally one solar day while sitting under a fig tree diagram, (Bodhi-tree of wisdom). He was enlightened about the way intent should be.He had bump offed nirvana (the highest level of knowledge). Once he reached nirvana he changed his name to Buddha (meaning the Enlightened One). individualism Buddha gave the Sermon at Benares to share what he had discovered during his meditation under the fig tree (Bodhi-the tree of wisdom). He thought the Four Nobles and Eightfo ld Noble Path. His belief was if you stopped desire you would not suffer. You shtup obtain what is called the Middle Way when you use moderation. This is to keep you from desire. Meaning The meaning of Buddhism is to find inner peace. To be removed from lifes desires. MoralityThere is a sense of morality in Buddhism. It is taught not pull out adultery, or to steal, or to lie. They look at stealing and adultery as somewhat the same. To commit adultery is like stealing someone elses partner. Destiny The destiny for a Buddhist is to reach nirvana, totally enlightened and to be wise about life. Buddhism- Critical Thinking Paper Part ii Origin Buddhism was founded by an Asian prince who was on a six year quest for knowledge and wisdom. Christianity was created by God though his inspired words, through prophets and the teachings of Jesus. Identity Buddhisms identity is peace and wisdom.

The primary purpose of satire Essay Example for Free

The primary purpose of satire EssayDiscuss the true statement of this statement for the two schoolbooks you have chosen. Within every satirical works, there is a deeper seriousness at a lower place the text. Two such texts be Ben Eltons Dead celebrated and Christopher Guests Best in Show, which both take a satirical view usher on contextual issues in spite of appearance society and have an underlying seriousness. Dead Famous is an early 21st century mock genre that satirises the idea of reality idiot box.Dead Famous is sink deep down a reality television series entitled House Arrest in which 10 inmates are put within a house with thirty television cameras for sixty-three days and grapple for the commons affection, all of which is constantly overseen by Peeping Tom who controls what goes on within the house. Underneath this satire, the composer raises serious issues about societies infantile fixation with reality television, how real reality television is, and questi ons what entertainment really is.At the beginning of the 21st century, the worlds coercion with reality television was rising to a peak. Many countries around the world had had a first age of Big Brother (On which Dead Famous was based), and had screened many other reality television programs such as Shipwrecked, Survivor and Temptation Island. The text takes the reality television genre and subverts it. This subversion comes about within the text by the composer by taking a reality television program and ridiculing. The major technique employ by the composer to ridicule reality television is hyperbole.Within the text, all regular aspects of reality television (in special(a) Big Brother) have been taken to extreme proportions. This includes the overuse of knowledgeable references within the text and the melodramatic events that expire within the house. These conjure upual references have been scattered throughout the text, much like those on reality television. However, these sexual references are taken to extreme proportions with the inmates coming very close to engaging within the act of sex quite early within the show.This hyperbole has also been used through the event of a come to that occurs within the house, this melodramatic event is one which would never occur on a reality television program, however has been included within the text as it is a gross exaggeration of the events that would occur within a Big Brother house. Dead Famous also questions the reality of reality television. The composer takes the idea that what is shown to the public on House Arrest (and other reality television programs) is not truly what happens within the house.The composer does this by showing the responder several points of view. The first point of view is that of the inmates and what really happens within the house on most days, in the sequence that they occurred. This point of view also allows the responder to see the thoughts and feelings on activities and situa tions that the cameras cannot fault up, or choose not to broadcast. This includes footage of the Confession Box (a soundproof room in which contestants can privately speak to Peeping Tom) that the editors manipulate and play selectively to the national audience.Kellys first visit to the confession box was selectively played in an attempt to make her the designated hate figure of the House Arrest series. Another point of view is that of the producers and editors within the editing room. From this scene, the responder is shown how the footage within the house is manipulated to show the public what the editors want them to see, and how the editors are paid to look at what was actually said and find what we the producers want to be said.Within this perspective the viewers are shown the devices used by the editors to create a house favourite for the public to go to sleep and a designated hate figure or bitch for them to hate, and vote out. Through this, the responder is shown that no t everything that occurs within the house is what is shown to them. The third perspective is that of what the investigators are shown through the daily show which is viewed by the public as a day-by-day account of what occurs within the house. Through the daily show, the responder is shown the effects of the editing room.They are shown the course in which the people they have seen through complete footage are shown to the public. The disgusting Woggle is an example of how the responder is shown his dirty habits during the actual footage, yet within the daily show all that is shown is what the public likes to see, his ability to stir nark and cause conflict amongst other inmates, therefore making him the favourite housemate. The example of woggle is one that demonstrates how at all assorted points within the programming (inmates, editors and viewers) one person can be seen in completely different ways.

Death on Pine street Essay Example for Free

Death on yearn street EssayIn this essay I result be comparing two police detective stories. Sir Arthur Conan Doyles story The Speckled Band was written in the mid-nineties and set in England. It follows secret agent Holmes as he investigates the unusual death of a young woman. done clever logic he manages to solve the case entirely by simply investigating the diorama of the criminal offence. Death on Pine Street was written in the 1930s and set in America. The detective in this is a more street-wise roughed up detective, investigating the murder of a womans husband. His sly and even dishonourable methods of investigation solve the case, however there atomic number 18 a few complexities.Both stories are start person narratives. In The Speckled Band Dr. Watson is the narrator but in Death on Pine Street, the Op himself tells us the story. This means that in the Holmes story the reader is kept in the dark about what is contingency because we only know what Watson knows and, therefore, have to wait to the end of the story for Holmes to explain how he solved the crime to Watson. In the other story, because the Op is the narrator we know what he is thinking and what is happening to him. This different style plant support well, because although we know what he is thinking, we still have to wait to the end for the Op to explain how he solved the crime to the police this way it doesnt ruin the element of interest that keeps the reader going on.The detectives in the two stories, Sherlock Holmes and the Continental Op, have some things in common, but are also very different characters. This is out-of-pocket to the very different places and judgment of convictions in which the stories are set. Both are private detectives solving crimes for money. They are both loners with no wives, families or girlfriends. They are both quick thinking, clever and observant they see clues and assure that nobody else can see. They are both brave and strong, and can u se weapons and know how to defend themselves. These are important factors in a unassailable detective, which I think is why they share these traits whilst being from such different places and times. Sherlock Holmes was the first fictional detective ever, so it is probable that some of the inspiration for the Continental Op came from him.However they differ in some(prenominal) ways. Holmes is a more upper-class, well spoken and well-educated man. The Continental Op is more of a slang-talking, lower-class working man. He works for a company, and has to travel to meet clients. Holmes works from home Miss Stoner comes to see him. He seems to do detective work simply for enjoyment, he tells Miss Stoner she need not pay him. Holmes seems more calm and collected, he doesnt carry a firearm or get into fisticuffs the Continental Op does both of these.Since Watson is narrating The Speckled Band, we get a good description of Holmes the Continental Op does not describe himself at all infac t the only description of him is given by the Tenant, referring to him as our little fat friend. The Continental Op is always skulking around bad areas and apartments, Holmes usually takes a safe journey to the scene of the crime (in this case a mansion). It is the difference in location and time that plays an integral part in shaping these completely different characters that share similar and almost frequent traits. Death on Pine Street is set in America in the 1930s this was during the great Depression when times were very hard on people.Unemployment was high, many people could barely afford to stick up and so naturally people were more highstrung or ill-tempered, and crime rose. It was this kind of tough way of life that forms the environment and the character in Death on Pine Street. The Speckled Band is set in England, in the 1890s, a fine period for upper-class people. Holmes would have been raised comfortably, and it would not have been a necessity for him to be tough lik e the Continental Op. He does not deal in the aforesaid(prenominal) way as the Continental Op he quietly investigates a single place, and works without any interrogations or interviews. This greatly seperates the feel of the story from Death on Pine Street, as the Continental Op interracts far more, with many more characters.

Cost Reduction Techniques Essay Example for Free

salute Reduction Techniques EssayForms counsel in Todays Modern Business a) The basis of forms management b) Future of forms management c) Creating a forms program d) Organizing a forms program e) Steps to establish a program f) Implementing and maintaining the program g) Reports to management Techniques to impose the court of Paperwork Cycle Time a) What the history shows b) Analyzing your paperwork costs c) Establishing your operational flow d) Formulation of the BPI application program e) Forms to use in a BPI review f) Checklist procedures II. III. IV. V. VI.MRP in Purchasing and Inventory Management a) What a systemized plan confers b) Making plans complimentary c) Symptoms problems of MRP d) MRP conversions e) Knowing the cost of inventory f) How to accommodate inventory investment 1) VMI applications 2) thwart k savings g) How best to dispose of obsolete materials VII. Productivity Improvement and Cost Controls a) Organizing for productivity improvements b) surgi cal procedure measurements and improvements c) Expected payoff and benefits d) Applying Activity Based Costing to a process VIII.Quality Assurance as a Cost Reduction Application a) What quality control really is b) Establishing a quality insurance c) Analyzing specific process costs d) Quality cost components e) Types of quality methods to apply 1) standards methods 2) process charts 3) SPC applications 4) 6Sigma control IX. Product Engineering Production Techniques a) Value Analysis b) Value Engineering c) Computerized techniques d) JIT Models e) Applying JIT techniques f) Product Engineering g) Re-manufacturing Cost Reduction Methods in Maintenance a) Preventive maintenanceX. b) c) d) e) f) g) h) XI. More maintenance tips and applications Energy reduction Cases of animation reduction savings Purchasing elevator carry Getting your moneys worth Reliability vs. total cost Other machine cost reduction ideas Cost Estimating and Control to Reduce Expenditures a) Cost per direct labo r b) Analyzing manufacturing costs c) Breakeven abridgment d) Impact of parts shortages on labor costs e) Network analysis f) PERT/CPM applications g) PERT/CPM calculations h) Cost reduction ratios XII.Cost Reduction Strategies in Marketing a) Using the computer for market analysis b) class analysis c) Balancing cost reduction with customer satisfaction d) How to apply the 80/20 regularise for reducing efficiencies XII. Miscellaneous Cost Reductions a) Conducting a better business plan b) Cash management service c) Improving plant layout and design d) Vehicle economy e) Office efficient applications f) Pay for knowledge g) made EDI/EFT applications and savings h) How to choose a consultant i) Reducing travel costs j) Money savings in your mailroom k) Recycling paper XIV. Summary of the Session

History of Biological Warfare Essay Example for Free

History of biologic fightf are EssayBiological state of war, similarly called germ state of war is the riding habit of bacteria, toxins, virus or catastrophic organism by the military as weapons of war against the opposite. This means that a small quantity of these microorganisms have a bun in the oven the capability to kill millions of people if spread evenly and effectively. These biological weapons rat also reach unhealthiness to enemy soldiers and disrupt enemys logistics and supply lines. Although biological warfare as such has up to now not taken place on a large scale, yet assuming and apprehending its probable occurrence, numerous nations have built their individual defensive strategies to be on the safe side. On the basis of this confidence and probability, much research for the purpose of defense against biological weapons has been conducted by the scientists, highly sensitive industries and the governments. save since carrying issue germ-warfare again st humanity or using harmful bacteria or organism against human beings was considered entirely inhumane, an global treaty banning biological weapons came into force in 1975. By virtue of this treaty, production, possession, and use of such weapons were exclusively prohibited. More than 150 nations signed this treaty.Deadly Forms of warfare in History The origin of biological warfare is traced back in ancient times, when the Assyrians, in 6th century B. C poisoned enemy wells with baneful herbs (eukaryotes or fungi) that cused the enemy lose sanity or consciousness. This was the starting point of biological warfare in human history. Thence onward this typical warfare was used by many in the quondam(prenominal) e. g. Solon of Athens poisoned the water supply of Phocaea with extremely poisonous herb Veratrum, during his citys besieging the archers of Scythian, during 4th century B. C.poisoned the tips of arrows to cause infection into the wounds of enemy the Spartans used sulfur d uring the Peloponnesian War in 400 B. C. In medieval times, soldiers used to throw dead bodies into the wells. During the Indian-French wars in1689 and 1763, blankets used by smallpox patients were condition to Indians for carrying the disease to the latter. It was Germany, which, during World War I, used poisonous fumble for the first time against Allied forces at Belgium and Ypres. The use of poisonous gas by Germany caused about 30 percent of casualties suffered by the US army.The use of poisonous gas proved so fatal and devastating in nature that many nations nem con agreed to ban the use of gas and extremely harmful chemical substances in future wars. But again it was Iraq which breached the agreement and used chemical weapons against Iran in eight years long war (1980-1988). Iraq was also held responsible for using chemical weapons against the independence seeking Kurdish people. Relatively New Forms of Warfare most of the new forms of warfare that have lately engaged natio ns in the design, technique and art of modern warfare include 1. Chemical Warfare 2. Biological Warfare 3. Radiological Warfare4. Mine Warfare 5. freedom fighter Warfare 6. Amphibious Warfare 7. Psychological warfare 8. Siege Warfare 9. Nuclear Warfare From the preceding(prenominal) forms of warfare, the chemical, radiological, and biological warfare are singled out as ones in which CBR weapons are used for people killing disabling millions of people instantly, transmitting fatal diseases into enemy rank and file incapacitating the enemy physically, and destroying their food supplies. How do they Work? Chemical Warfare Chemical Warfare involves all those chemical substances which call for the nervous as well as the respiratory systems, besides affecting skin, eyes, and nose.The chemicals, which include gases, liquids, and powders, can be sprayed from disperseplanes, dropped as bombs, fired in the form of artillery shells, or spread over the area with basis mines. But there are some colorless and odorless nerve agents which, if inhaled, can cause immediate death while some chemical agents can cause temporary blindness or confusion. The mustard gas also called Blister Agent caused many casualties during World War I. But it is sooner relieving to see the chemical agents not widely used in warfare since the end of World War I (1918). Radiological WarfareRadiological Warfare involves those substances that give off radiation, and which may damage the subjective organs of a person and even cause death. Radiological warfare is extremely dangerous because the released radiation therapy in the process renders the entire area unfit for human life. Mine Warfare Mine Warfare is the use of explosive devices called mines to kill enemy troops and destroy their ships, tanks, and other equipment. Some mines explode when a person steps on them or run over by a tank or jeep, while the naval mines are detonated by the passing of a ship. The two major kinds of mines are1. The region Mines 2. The Naval Mines The main types of land mines are1) antipersonnel mines, 2) antitank mines, 3) chemical mines, 4) controlled mines, and 5) nuclear mines. There drumhead four kinds of naval mines include 1) acoustic mines, 2) contact mines, 3) magnetic mines, and 4) pressure mines insurrectionist warfare guerilla warfare is conducted by the fighter bands that employ the tactics of sudden raids, ambushes, and other attacks on small-scale. The term Guerrilla which means Little War in Spanish, was first used by the Portuguese and Spanish armies during the peninsular War (1808-1814).Amphibious warfare Amphibious warfare is the mode of army operations by land air and sea forces with the objective of capturing a coastal area or a beach. Generally the amphibious operations are considered the most intricate form of modern warfare. During World War II (1939-1945), subsequently Japanese had attacked Pearl Harbor and destroyed US naval installations in the Pacific Ocean, a popular objective of United States amphibious warfare was to seize islands in order to build their advance on. These air and naval bases were captured for their operations against Japan.Antidotes for Biological Weapons The antidote for biological agents is a complete kit which contains medicines and treatments for nerve gas. It also contains injectors to fight anthrax, and antibiotics and drugs to reduce the effects of radiation exposure. Normally the kits are kept locked in military vans by the army. It is worthwhile noting that according to the briefing documents prepared by the Army Medical Department for the senior aesculapian command in Iraq Millions of dollars worth of such kits are incinerated in Iraq each year.Army spokesman, Foster, D. said that the service policy is to issue the kits to each unit prior to deployment, and ensure all unused kits are turned in prior to the units redeployment for destruction. Also the vice president for strategic security programs at the Federation of American Scientists, Ivan Oelrich, said that sending the Antidote-kits is a rational policy just in case some terrorist gets subscribe of 10 gallons of nerve as (Bob, 2007) Gas MaskAmong other cherishive coverings such as injections of antidotes, gas masks too are used as one of the defensive measures against chemical agents. Gas mask protects a person from breathing poisonous gases and vapors into the lungs. Only air is allowed to enter the mask through the filtrate pads, which purifies and filters the air. The charcoal which is padded within the cheeks of mask purifies the air by trapping harmful gases and particles. Particulate filters can remove particles of smoke, dust, and even some harmful biological agents.The purifying materials are in the cheeks of present-day masks, which are often part of an entire protective suit. In World War I (1914-1918), masks were used to protect troops against gas attacks. Gas was not used in World War II (1939-1945), still armie s had masks in case gas warfare began. During the Persian Gulf War of 1991 and the Iraq War, which began in 2003, gas masks were issued to troops and civilians in areas where it was feared Iraq would attack. (Lussier and Frances M, 2007)

Hispanics In Governme Gs-13 And Above Essay Example for Free

Latinos In Governme Gs-13 And Above EssayThe farmingal government is the largest employer in the nation and does not only have the responsibility of serving all segments of society, it also has the added responsibility of treating the federal official employees who come from the unhomogeneous segments of the society in a fine and unbiased manner. In coiffe to limit out such a nock is implemented fairly, without any bias, in that respect atomic number 18 boards such as the U. S. chastity Systems Protection Board (MSPB) in place and are required by the federal government to make periodical assessment, in order to ascertain the employees of the federal government are treated equitably. The Civil profit Reform Act of 1978 stipulates that merit should be the cornerstone of evaluating every employee, where the federal government should recruit and bear on employees according to their ability, knowledge, and skills they acquired. Another efflorescence that is highlighted here is discrimination of any kind and preferential treatment should not be part of the procedure of any of the federal agencies are using in hiring, training, advancing, and retaining employees who could originate from the various segments of society.There had been instances of discriminatory practices in the booking scene in this century that makes it permissible to claim that there had been a negative impact on the representation of minorities in the workforce in relation to their number. jump from the year 1978, the employment statistics reveals that there was advancement, as far as the employment status of minorities was concerned. E excessly, at the higher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) grade levels, as well as at administrative positions the area this paper is studying, the promotional process treats everyone, more or less, the like.Yet, it is challenging to say that minorities including Hispanics have attained an disturb status with their counterparts the non-mi norities despite their equal education level, experience, and according to various merits that are measurable. What this means is the employment and the advancement process is not only completely free of bias when considering what takes place among the various minority groups and the non-minority groups.The MSAP board had conducted a survey where it claimed to come up out that many employees from the minority ethnical groups believe that they had been discriminated and this out mien might be true as the non-minorities who were surveyed had also admitted that there is still some discrimination based either on perk up, race, or change used as a determining factor when it comes who to hire, train, advance, or retain, revealing that it is not yet a plain level field for everyone (Morrison, 1992). The statistics, however, attests that there had been some advancement attained in all segments, including the higher grade levels.This paper volitioning present the statistical findings of the stands the Hispanics have in comparison with the other ethnic groups in the nation, especially at the higher GS-13 level and above in proportion to their participation in the overall federal workforce. Chapter I Introduction What is possible to observe in todays study in the U. S. is diversity management is bringing in more Hispanics into the Intelligence Community, although the number of Hispanics in fastness management, GS-13 and above might not be representative of the percentage of Hispanics in the workforce. That could be the case withal if the civilian workforce in the U.S. could surpass two million. In light of that this research paper will try to find out what the reality is, as there are conflicting findings that are emulating to show why the number of Hispanics in GS-13 and above might not be representative of their number in the federal workforce. It had been a while back, at least several decades since the federal government had started to be fair and equitable in its hiring process, so that what takes place will be representative of the reality, where national origin, race, or sex will not be the cornerstone of the hiring practice.The fact that minorities have become a larger proportion of the workforce that makes up the federal government employees has attested this fact. There is documentation that reveals women used to encounter special barriers in their effort to attain advancement, in spite of their qualification, an area where the other minorities were also suffering from the same fate. Awards and weighty assignments were skipping them hardly because they were member of any of the minority groups that includes African Americans, Hispanics, Asians, and Native Americans.The Hispanic population has to contest with these groups fairly and equitably so that their stand should be clearly established and to enable the evaluation of whether the Hispanics are getting what they deserver according to the proportion of their number in the f ederal workforce. One good source where to chit-chat what kind of discriminatory practices had been taking place is to look at ongoing protests and lawsuits claiming that some kind of disparate treatment had taken place.One such finding was a government survey do in 1992 where 34 percent of African Americans, 30 percent of Asians of the Pacific region, 19 percent of members of the Hispanic community, and 11 percent Native Americans had claimed that they had experienced discrimination at various degree, where they had either been denied rent outs, promotions, or benefits that go with jobs because of their race. This could be true because of the fact that it is recently the government had declared that it had become an equal opportunity employer that demonstrates it was not a leader in that endeavor earlier.What brought about a statuary protection for minorities was due to the enactment of the comprise Employment Opportunity Act of 1972. The Act had enabled the government to keep its own house in order, simply because it is the largest employer in the nation. President Nixons government had come up with the Sixteen Point Program designed to avail equal opportunity participation for the Hispanic population. Among the efforts introduced, there was intensified job recruitment in the Southwestern U. S., at metropolitan cities where there is high Hispanic concentration, and colleges where there is a large Hispanic enrolment. There was also effort to reach out in communities where there is a concentration of Spanish speaking population and publicize the availability of federal employments. In addition, there were programs in consorted to enable Hispanic students to stay in school longer, as well as the establishing of special hiring authorities that will tend for the extremity of the Hispanic population.The focus had been the recruiting and the upward mobility of the Hispanic workforce once they are under the federal employment. In the year 2000 President Clinton had also come up with an executive order similar to the 16-point syllabus and this one was OPS 9-point plan whose goal was to eliminate barriers that prevent the recruitment of Hispanics into the workforce, as well as to nurture them in the managerial and leadership programs. Another Act passed in 1978 was the Civil Reform Act whose claimed form _or_ system of government was to make certain that the federal workforce would reflect the nations diversity.What this would introduce in the nations workforce arena is the prevalence of a diverse civil service that could be made up of divergent outlooks, possibly accompanied by diverse skills and talents that will put it in a position to handle various problems that come into existence and originate from various groups better (Thomas, 1996). In addition, when there is a diverse workforce in place it is possible to share the social responsibilities equitably qualification the various policies the government comes up with widely acceptab le.Similarly, when the government avails any kind of the various services, such as health care, education, housing etc. the perception would be every member of the society was part of the condition applied in the process of the decision-making. In the absence of a representative workforce, it will be difficult to instill a positive social conduct on the overall society, in such a way that a particular segment of the society could feel that it is not included fairly in what is accruing and it is possible that the youth could be discouraged when it comes to investing in education or other requirements that will qualify them for federal jobs.If such a practice persists it is possible to introduce in the society a cycle of exclusion where the outcome could be more costly, where adhering to the rules and regulations could also suffer deterioration. The other key point that will bring what this paper is researching on into light is taking the mentioned measures alone where offering equal employment opportunity only is not enough. In order to make it effective there is a need to introduce similar equal opportunity in the training, retaining, and advancing employees who originate from the minority groups.In order to arrive at what is happening in the highest and more influential positions such as GS-13 and above, it is important to look at those who should be allowed to advance into such positions should have to pass through. Because as some of the statistics highlights, there has to be some level of service and experience in place before anyone attains those higher positions. It is also important to examine the hiring procedure in the nation since it is complicated.The age structure of those who are on supervisory and managerial position reveals that there are various factors that would have to come together in order for them to make it to such level, such as the individuals should have been at a particular line of work or other similar work arrangements for at leas t 20 years before achieving the higher position, as those who are attaining those positions are mostly above 45 years age, where most mangers are between 50 and 54.Hence, there should have been various preparation phases that require surpassing in order to make it to the higher levels. One other point to raise there are exceptions where in the administration and profession job classification it is possible to be hired at the higher level of GS-13 and above, but the requirement would be very stringent as those who are hired for such positions would become supervisors or managers from the outset.

Children Essay Example for Free

Children Es severalize1.1 apologise how legislation, frame wees, codes of practice and policies relating to verificatory demeanor support atomic number 18 applied to feature working practice.The aspects of my role within our setting be regulated by our policies and procedures which support been pen with current legislation such as the Childrens act. These policies and procedures do by promoting prescribed conduct and we all follow that as our code of practice as this is an important line of business to both us and all our barbarianren. We focus very much on praise for goodish behaviour, respecting to each single other and each others olfactionings, helping each other and if they nookie non do nearthing however examine we afford praise for trying. We discover that a sisters behaviour is reflected in how much they pure tone valued within our setting, we make sure the kidskinren pitch planned activities for them to experience and we allow the youngsterren to ask their say and we neuter and mould activities letting the children make full the lead and let the activity free flow and it ends up being a lot of fun. We do exact a set of ho function rules which we feel be realistic and very set around house rules that would apply in their own home. We try to be consistent in enforcing these house rules which very much includes our own unseasoned lady, we make sure she is included in following the house rules the same as all the other children that we look after. However all children lead have times where they misbehave and for this we have several strategies, dep closing curtain on the age and stage of ability of the child alone we find that they work well for us.* Distraction- We depart remove the child from a maculation and give them an resource activity or we ask the child to help us with a special job and tell them we need their help. * Ignoring- Depending on the role we may ignore the heavy(p) behaviour as we feel it is being done to crap a reaction, we do find this more common with our own daughter too. * Discuss with child- We will take the child to one side and talk to them ab pop why we will remove them from the activity if they continue even though we dont want to do that but we want children to understand that their actions have consequences, we are evermore very careful that we explain that its their behaviour that we dont the likes of not them. We also talk to the child about how they are popular opinion maybe not at that point but we return to it later on to see if every(prenominal)thing is distressful them that they want to talk about* Time Out- Removing the child from an activity or situation and giving them both(prenominal) quiet time, maybe even some TV time if this is what their prefer to do, we find that some children set fire to out and just need some short time on their own or with a friend to chill out and relax We will never smack, shake, or hurt a child in any right sma rt and we will never humiliate a child ever We would eer discuss the situation with the parent on collecting we have never had a situation where we have had to call a parent/carer to collect the child but if the situation needed it we would do that. We have found that some children get quite distressed if you tell their parents about their behaviour and this tolerate in truth have a blackball reaction so we will catch the parent before the child knows they are here and speak to them in private in our lounge about the situation, confirm how we dealt with it at the time and the outcome and that we have dealt with the behaviour at the time that it take placeed.1.2 Define what is meant by restrictive sightlings. in that respect are a number of forms of restrictive interventions, the first one is physical intervention where you have to intervene such as if two children were having a fight and you wanted to break them up because on that point is a good chance that you will need t o separate them to calm them down. Social intervention is another form of restrictive intervention where you can deal with the situation with speech, body language and facial expressions. Social intervention is also used in the setting for example the stair gates to bear the children climbing the stairs, the safety straps on the high chair so they dont fall out.1.3 Explain when restrictive intervention may and may not be used.Practitioners will always look for the scoop out possible way of dealing with situations that may arise, unfortunately thats sometimes not the case and there are times where Restrictive intervention may be required when a child is demonstrate signs of unreasonable behaviour and everything has been taken into account of trying to reason with them, intervention may then be used, but any forms of intervention are take up used as a last animate as its always best practice to communicate in a positive way but strongly depending on the circumstances and situatio n i.e. any injury that may have been caused by a child to another could have been an accident and therefore intervention of any kind may not be required on this occasion.1.4 Explain who needs to be informed of any incidents where restrictive interventions have been used.It outlines in the EYFS that one intervention that can be used however rare that it is, can be that of a physical one, it is used to manage a childs behaviour and it must be recorded and the parents must be informed on the same day as the incident occurred. Our own policies and procedures state that any intervention that has been required will be discussed with you at the time of pick up, written in their handbook if they have one or a phone call will be made on that day by us informing the parents of the incident and how it was dealt with at the time.1.5 Explain why the least restrictive interventions should be used when dealing with incidents of challenging behaviour.I think its always important for people who look after children in whatever role they may do to be positive in sometimes difficult circumstances, I dont mean we should praise bad behaviour far from it but we need to show positive reinforcement of some nature in orderliness for us to get the best out of young people , negativity wont bring out the best in people and will simply give them a sense of despair and lack of self-confidence, positive feedback will hopefully bring them the confidence they need in sustenance to go from strength to strength so I feel its always important to distill on what they can do well and not what they cant do right. For all parties involve in situations of bad behaviour its important if possible to diffuse situations and to try and talk things finished to a resolution with the child involved, with safety in mind.1.6 Describe safeguards that must be in adorn if restrictive physical interventions are used.With health and safety in mind there are environments that need to be safe if any physical intervention is required, safety to all is priority in this situation and as unfortunate as it may be, if a person cannot be calmed down by any other means as previously discussed a situation may escalate and turn physical. Its important that all children are safe and therefore removed from the setting and placed with other practitioners in another room away from the threatening behaviour of the individual concerned. If any unfortunate event does take place its important that the room is as safe as possible to avoid any injury to all involved, remember we are still looking for a peaceful and positive ending here and a physical situation is really the last thing anybody wants.it needs reminding here that its best if 2 practitioners are on standby as witnesses may be needed if things got out of hand and if anything was ever required from a medical point of view.2.1 Explain the difference between proactive and antiphonal strategies. These are both at each end of the spectrum, a Proact ive strategy is about us preventing a situation that we perceive may happen , a reactive strategy is something that hasnt happened to that degree and something we may have to react to, a disallow situation that we may have to turn into a positive one.2.2 mark the proactive and reactive strategies that are used within own work role. To use these strategies its about us seeing, hearing and being aware of situations almost in a mental form that may develop in our setting, for us to react and respond in a way to prevent something we feel may happen, as it may have happened before so will it happen again?, this could be any type of issue or situation and any act that is carried out by a child such as crying, aggressive behaviour, smacking, biting, arguments , an example of a situation that has occurred with us in our setting are as follows, a proactive and reactive example of the way we work would be to plan an activity when 2 of the children that are involved in this dont get along very well but we want them to feel included in the groups activity ,its our job to understand what happened previously when we did this activity and the cause of the situation in the first place we can then implement change for next time and see if there is any change in the behaviour of the child or children if resolved then fine, if not its up to us again to look at the cause and then try another method , methods used in situations like this would be to Use our knowledge in order to avoid escalation, containment, use diversion as a strategy, use mediation, challenge and explain to children the consequences of their actions, support children and help them resolve situations to a positive end.2.3 Explain the brilliance of identifying patterns of behaviour or triggers to challenging behaviour when establishing proactive or reactive strategies to be used. Like Ive touched on earlier its about identifying the early warning signs that triggers children to cause disruptive behaviour an d for us to intervene and preventing it from escalating further, its usually in our case quite easy to spot as you will see situations from time to time where you may find a child can go about something and others will follow and do the same thing , an example of this would be where a child has been wedded something to do but has no interest in what they are doing, with nothing to do they begin to cast around the play area and cause other children to do the same, its up to us to identify and intervene with this before it happens , a warning sign can sometimes be a change in their mood and other causes are as follows. Boredom give them something to focus on.Lack of prize its so important for them to them to be stimulated make sure there is plenty of selection in terms of things to do. Frustration in not being able to do something. Lack of solicitude make sure we communicate with them and show positive feedback if their doing something well. Disruption and noise make sure of a calm environment. Too many children doing an activity move make sure there another alternative activity A difficult one to identify is sometimes when theyre not well, all children are different and react in different kinds of ways, some will communicate and engage well and some wont.2.4 Explain the importance of maintaining a person or child-centred move up when establishing proactive strategies.Challenging behaviour can be an individual thing and not all children react in the same way or react at the same level there can be different degrees in the acrimony of the behaviour. When dealing with inappropriate behaviour its important that each child is handled as an individual and not as a group, this shows that we are capable of adapting to each single case and it must be famous that a technique that may suit one child may not suit another, treating the children as individuals is also gives them a sense of value as they are treated as individual young people. Like weve said ofte n despite the circumstances a positive spin on the situation is always a good one to end with.2.5 Explain the importance of reinforcing positive behaviour with individuals. wholly people like to be praised and look for approval its only human nature and children are no different, to be positive as a person comes from positive behaviour itself, its always what we sieve for and to be as a person, its vital that we show encouragement, praise and to be positive when they do something well if children are not praised for doing something well or they dont get encouragement in a positive way they will look for attention in another ways, this is usually from a negative point of view i.e. they will get going to show challenging behaviour in order to get a response this is most certainly what we dont want ,as its not only bad for the child in question but the practitioner will find frustration in the fact that the feeling they now have could come across to the child in a negative light and that was something they were trying to avoid initially. You can now see that reinforcing positive behaviour is a good thing and the children mirror this situation by acting appropriately well and in a positive light.2.6 Evaluate the impact on an individuals well-being of using reactive rather than proactive strategies.The use of a reactive approach towards a child is more of a negative one I feel, as an incident has already occurred and there will be a consequence for the childs action, whereas a proactive approach is more of a positive one as it outlines from the start the behaviour that is expected from them, children as they are need constant reminders of good positive behaviour and if a proactive approach wasnt used in the first place and an incident has occurred , the reactive approach after the incident has taken place can make the child in question feel a sense of confusion ,they may feel ashamed, humiliated and a whole host of negative feelings even if they are expressed in a positive light.

Swiss neutrality after the cold war Essay Example for Free

Swiss torpidity later on the cold war EssayThe creation of the range and confines of Swiss neutrality at the daub in time of its beginning and progress differed noticeably from that of these days it may be portrayed as looser, broader and vaguer. The bipolar power-and-pact arrangement fell apart with the decisiveness of the dust-covered War. Ever since, the global arna has seemed progress complex and erratic. Even if the balance of terror was anything other than a peaceful state, the multinational situation was to a greater extent easily assessed then than it is today. (Goetschel, 2005)Subsequent to the Second World War and throughout the Cold War, the Swiss government activity decision-makers superior the significance of impartiality at home and connected it to sovereignty. The wide-ranging population accepted this, faith in part to the combined experience of being spared the destruction of the Second World War. A neutral stance, connected with noticeable anti-communi sm, was seen as a method to defend in opposition to reputed threats to autonomy be it from the Russians or from organizations with international prominence.Dissimilar to multi-polarity, bipolarity was much straightforward, and the superior meditation of power condensed susceptibility. Subsequent to the Cold War, neo-realists predicted host conflict to shatter the European continent once again. This was due to the fact that wars in Europe were in reality potential threat once more, established in geographically restricted regions because of the fall of the accord system.However, these are clashes within states, not warfare between them. The modification in international relations at the conclusion of the Cold War lead to a continuing sharp rise in value for outside(prenominal) policy carried out multilaterally, as different to customary vulgar relations. Both the investigation for new international ideologies of organization and the opinionated management of globalization comma nd a collective political approach more and more, this is taking place.This is relevant to an even higher level to Europe, where the political society of EU countries carries on growing and integrating. Nation-states stay the most significant actors, but the surroundings in which they pursue and put into effect their interests has changed. During the Cold War, foreign policy and foreign vocation policy were more or less identical in Switzerland, since it deliberately endorsed apolitical monetary foreign relations, in maintenance of traditional explanations of Swiss impartiality.Since then, Switzerlands foreign trade guiding principle has assisted it realize notable financially viable incorporation in the world, in spite of its small-state identity (the recurrent justification for unreceptive policy in further areas of foreign associations). Switzerlands booking in NATOs Partnership for Peace (Web 1) is a glaring example.Hastening transformation in the worldwide arena since the d estruction stages of the Cold War has impacted Swiss foreign policy in two ways mutual action has developed as being more important, and the overlap of domestic and foreign policy has increased. This ideas conclusions focus on these two points, which have originated a rise in the contradictory goals and lay out that shape rational foreign policy. Global conditions influence independency, power and national interests. States, doesnt matter if they are large or small, can ever expect to have absolute autonomy.At present independence tends to play a superior role in discussions than territorial barriers do. This calls for a combined political approach, especially when probing for new principles of intercontinental order and dealing politically with globalization.ResourcesGoetschel, Laurent. 2005. Swiss Foreign Policy. Publisher oust ledge. Web 1- http//www. eda. admin. ch/etc/medialib/downloads/edazen/doc/publi. Par. 0012. File. tmp/Swiss%20Neutrality%20in%20Practice%20-%20Current%2 0Aspects. pdf

Modern Architecture Essay Example for Free

Modern Architecture EssayIt is undeniable that Gothic Architecture has a great influence on modern Architecture. One has only to look at Antoni Gaudis build of La Sagrada Familia in Spain or the intricate tracery of Culvert Bridge in Central Park by Calvert Vaux to consider the modern interpretation of Gothic Architecture. When on hears of Gothic one immediately conjures images of intricate grubby designs, towering lean spires, vaulted ceilings, flamboyant arches and iconic ornamentations. Usually Gothic is attributed to somber, grave and shadowy lighting. Thus it is a bit surprising that it was Gothic architecture that gave birth to the undeniably the most colorful element of dark cathedrals, the rose window a circular window separated into stone segments and intricate tracery. This is a label of all Gothic cathedrals. Traditional Gothic Rose Windows ar either intricate traceried circular windows with spokes give out from a central rondel more colorful stained drinking glass with elaborate pictures with holy depictions. The mass medium of the windows has changed in the modern adaptations.Some modern rose windows are now are now make of plexiglass or other aggregate instead of pure glass to lessen the cost of takings and also to strengthen the material. Painted canvasses are also used to recreate rose windows. In the aged times the beautiful glass colors are achieved by integrating the colors while the glass is being blown. In the modern version, translucent acrylics or other artificial methods are used to perform an effect similar to real rose window. However, the rose window has evolved beyond windows itself.Different colored tiles and marbles are now used to imitate rose windows. And these are not used for windows primarily, but for decorating rampart paneling and flooring. Not only did the medium change but the subject also changed. Originally, rose windows are used in cathedrals and depict scenes from the Bible. Nowadays, the subjects lea n more on abstraction and eclectic symbolism. Whatever changes in the interpretation might have been, it is indisputable that the windows have thoroughly made their mark in Architecture. credit entry Frankl, Paul. (1962). Gothic Architecture. US Yale University Press.

Impact of US Dollar on Canadian Economy Essay Example for Free

Impact of US Dollar on Canadian deli really EssayThe Canadian Economy is strong. According to the 2001 Canada Yearbook, factors contributing to the countrys economic health be natural resources manufacturing and construction industries fiscal and service sectors the business leader to span distances using communications and ecstasy technologies dynamic parcel out relationships with young(prenominal) nations and the ability to compete in a global marketplace (2004). Being the 2nd largest country in the world, Canadas natural resources accounts for 12. 6% of its gross domestic product exploitation in 2003. The Energy Sector, Forestry, Mineral Sector as tumefy as Geomatics Sciences are responsible for this maturation. Exportation of natural gas, timber and wood products, potash, uranium and other minerals engage up for the growth. Geomatics is the science and technology of gathering, analyzing, interpreting, distributing and using geographic information. Since 2002, when the Canadian G everywherenment initiated the focus on soul and mapping its land resources, it became one of the leading suppliers of information, technology and equipment in Geomatics. Today, Geomatics is a $10 to $20 cardinal dollar application growing at a 20% rate, and thus is a potential growth area for the Canadian natural resources sector.According to Industry Canada, the Manufacturing and Construction Industries contribute to ab step to the fore 40% of Canadas GDP, with an actual gross approximately $25 billion in December 2005. The two industries combined showed growth near single digit levels, (manufacturing at 1% GDP and construction at 0. 7% in Dec. 2005) which propelled the 0. 4 over-all GDP, making up for the loss in the Agriculture section at -1. 6% GDP in December 2005 (2006). The services sector in general is boosting the economy. Canada Yearbook states that the sector employs three out of four Canadians in the 21st Century (2004).Though their output is not as ta ngible as manufactured or natural goods, the services sector is every(prenominal)where and serve as the backbone of every economic sector. From the driver of a courier van to the comp any financial analyst to the service providers in Civil Defense, all the roles belong to the services sector. Together with advances in information technology, the services sector is transforming Canadian Economy into a knowledge-based economy (2006), as claimed by the Canadian Yearbook, where-in its modern products are efficient back-end services, captain consultancy and breakthrough technologies and equipment.Despite the economic transformation, work is politic the main means of business for Canada. As such, relationships with trade partners play a vital role. Among the countries in the world, four markets are in constant and significant trade relations with Canada fall in States, United Kingdom, Japan and more recently, China. Among the four, its close neighbor, the United States takes about 75 80% of Canadas barter business. Thus, changes in the Unites States economy, particularly of the US dollar impacts Canadian economy. State of Canada-US covergeographics and history rush provided opportunities for the United States and Canada to be in close business relations. In the natural pasture of things, free trade in the midst of the two nations would be beneficial in toto. However, political and social ramifications have prevented the successful pact since the mid 1800s until such sentence when, despite the disagreement of Canadas Conservative Party, the sluttish care Agreement (FTA) between US and Canada was effected in October of 1987. The over-all provision is to minimize tariffs of all goods traded between the two countries to a maximum of 1%.With the FTA in effect, trade between the two countries rose to 40% from a pre-FTA level of 25%. However, there is strong opposition from Canada about violations of the United States in the liftnder of FTA, to the disadvan tage of Canadas countrified business. However, seeing the benefits of a free trade zone, Prime Minister cull Jean Chretien improved the FTA and broadened the extend of the free trade to Mexico. Thus, in January of 1994, the collect north American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) between the United States, Canada and Mexico, took effect.Such Agreement involves an immediate and phased release of tariffs and trade barriers for agricultural products traded between the three countries. A macro benefit of NAFTA is a systematic conduct of business within North America because of the creation of an impartial, rules-based system to resolve dispute among the countries. Significant gains in trade activity were observe among the three countries in the first seven years of NAFTA implementation as compared to agricultural trade activities with other markets away(p) of North America.Canadian agricultural and agri-food exportings to the United States and Mexico have increased by 95 pct, stretc hability $14. 8 billion in 2000. In comparison, Canadian exports of agricultural products to non-NAFTA countries grew by 45 percent during the corresponding period, according to Agriculture and Agri-food Department of Canada (2006). Prior to NAFTA, agricultural import-export activities between Canada and the United States was only at $13. 7 billion. However, this increased $25. 1 billion in 2000, 82% heightser, since 1993.Because 61% of Canadas farming produce are exported to the United States, agricultural exports for the same period grew 92% to reach $14. 1 billion. As a result, Canadas agricultural trade redundant with the United States has more than tripled since 1993. As summarized by the Agricultural Department of Canada, Horticultural crops slew exports of tomatoes increased twenty-fold while exports of peppers and lettuce increased seven-fold, and exports of cucumbers increased six-fold. Oilseeds products soybean crude oil volume exports increased seven-fold, exports of sunflower oil quadrupled, and canola oil exports increased by 44 percent.Specialty crops dried beans volume exports nearly tripled. Red meats skreak volume exports more than doubled while pork exports increased by 87 percent. Processed products cook coffee volume exports increased nearly seventeen-fold, malt exports increased nearly five-fold, exports of frozen French fries increased four-fold, and pasta exports more than tripled. Following the success of NAFTA and its predecessors from other continents of the world, Canada together with thirty-three other countries be to the American Continent are drafting a free trade agreement called Free Trade Agreement Among the Americas (FTAA).With its complex participation, the agreement is still under negotiations. Factors that Influence the Rise of the Canadian Dollar (against the US Dollar) With the rise of the United States as an Economic super power, it naturally assumed a role of having the US dollar as a worldwide currency. Signif icant markets such as Canada are always compared to the dollar. Moreover, creation a majority trade partner of the US, the transposition rate of the Canadian dollar matters significantly over the US dollar.Since 2003, Statistics Canada has plotted the rise of the Canadian dollar against the US dollar and indicated its significant rise against the greenback. in that respect are three factors that may have contributed to this growth first, the debilitative of the US economy brought about by increasing current account deficits secondly, the worldwide increase in commodity prices and thirdly, the improved exercise of the Canadian economy resulting in trade surplus. Since 2001, there has been a common phenomenon in most major currencies in the world they appreciated against the US dollar.The Euro and Canadian dollar were two of the strongest performers. When the Euro surpassed the greenback in 2003 analysts predicted that there was no turning back. While the loonie has seen signifi cant appreciation at the rate of 25% since 2001 until 2005, surpassing historical performance by the US dollar. Such appreciation has been driven by the increasing trade deficits of the US. Since 2001, the US has been purchasing more goods and a service than the country is able to sell. More oil, gas, metals and services were bought with US dollars than were sold outside of the US.Some analysts believe that the on-going War on Terror has been the main source of the deficit. While the country is still figuring out how to address the deficits, major trade partners such as Canada are reaping the benefits of a modify dollar. At the mercy (or because) of commodity supply, the Canadian economy remained resilient despite the volatility of oil, gas, metals and wood. Being a major supplier of such commodities, precarious world prices came at an advantage. Despite some internal losings as a crude oil refiner, the bottom line effect of this factor remained positive and contributed to GDP.Thu s, the increase of the Canadian dollar. Last factor that weakened the dollar from Canadas point of view is the initiative of its administration to attract more businesses through higher interest rates (vs. that of the United States). The over-all effect therefore, of the three factors above is the weakening of the US dollar against the Canadian dollar. Today, the exchange rate of the Canadian dollar is rising and orbit its peak in 2001, at C$ 0. 846 vs. the US$. With such growth, the general assessment of Canadian economists, businesses and orthogonal analysts is that this is positive for the Canadian economy, now more than ever.The next sections will have full discussion of the diametric sectors in the Canadian economy as impacted by the weakening (or strength) of the US dollar. Impact of the US Dollar on Canadian Industries Exports Apart from agriculture and agri-products, marque is another commodity that Canada heavily trades with the United States. Canadas steel achieveme nt accounts for approximately two percent of the worlds total supply. This is very small as compared to the Asian producers (Japan, North Korea and Taiwan), which accounts for nearly 40%.Nevertheless, 89% of Canadas steel export go to the United States while 58% of Canadas imported steel source from the US. Trade barriers, expatriation addresss prevent small Canadian steel producers from competing outside of North America. North Americas open market is ideal for small and big steel manufacturers from Canada. Just by its size and high demand, the opportunity for supply is wide. In addition, proximity to such a large market allows for low transportation cost. Just-in-time supply is immediately served without much impact on delivery cost. Furthermore, inventory can be unplowed low unless preparing for construction peak.Steel pricing in North America is also higher than other export markets by as much as 40% when compared to Japan, where steel importation is minimal due to its own su pply. In North America, particularly the United States, steel trade is predicted to continue growth. In this light, preserve and open access to the U. S. market is key to the Canadian steel industry. A slight fallback in the market, for example, experienced in 1995 posed a threat to the industry. Whenever such a slow-down happens, issues related to anti-dumping and establishment subsidies arise, without any proper venue for address under NAFTA.Unfair trade practice is an issue commonly brocaded by the US against Canada when market conditions appear to favor Canadas steel industry. In the same manner, weakening of the US dollar may initiate such a condition when Canadas steel industry continues to maintain a surplus against the US. Once again is likely to be subject to charges of unfair trading practices by U. S. steelmakers. In 1993, according to Industry Canada, the country had a global steel trade surplus of $580 one million million and a steel trade surplus with the U. S. of $ 909 million. While the trade surplus was maintained with the U.S. , the zoom in steel demand in 1994 resulted in a dramatic rise in imports and produced an overall international trade deficit of $207 million. The total trade balance deficit increased in 1995 to $349 million as Canadian imports again exceeded exports. However, the steel trade surplus with the U. S. was $1. 0 billion in 1995. over the period from 1989 to 1995, steel imports have increased from 18. 6 percent of apparent domestic consumption in Canada to 29. 9 percent in 1995. Meanwhile the import share held by the U. S. increased from 8. 6 percent to 17. 5 percent. In the U. S.market, imports increased from 17. 9 percent of apparent domestic consumption in 1989 to 21. 4 percent in 1995, with Canadas import share increasing from 3. 1 percent to 4. 0 percent. With such steel trade dynamics between the two countries, the weakening of the US dollar means the increase in Canadas export price. Either more US dollars are n eeded to purchase the same Canadian product in the 21st century, than during the slump 1990s or less Canadian dollars are realize for every sale of a Canadian export. At the other end, when Canada imports from the US, the commodities and services become cheaper.Either way, two impacts sales and profits. When sales and profits are volatile, vulnerable small businesses tend to closedown and contribute to unemployment. In order to maintain profit margins, Canadian export companies will need to improve efficiencies. Improvement may come in three ways production streamlining, outsourcing and amortization gains. When the US dollar is low, it is the best time for companies to reevaluate tools and machinery throughput. Technology improvements will present more-efficient, more-automated processes, which can be useful in improving production efficiency.Since most equipment are bought from the US or are priced in US dollars, lower dollar exchange rates mean cheaper equipment. This is one way that exports companies to maintain profit margins by reducing production cost through efficient machines. In the same line of thinking importing services also come cheaper than when the US dollar is strong. Whether obtaining services from the US, or from East Asia, where intelligent and skilled labor is cheap, outsourcing back-end process in export production always contribute to efficiency.Though this may result to redundancies, macro effects of outsourcing prove to be positive to the bottom line. Lastly, for businesses that amortize US dollar-denominated loans, there will be gains in the amortization payment because of the weakened dollar. Furthermore, during a round-table public forum in 2004, businessmen have suggested that the Canadian government consider lowering interests rates to match that of the US. Doing so will minimize the impact of loans on Canadian dollar-based denominations despite its appreciation. Imports The stronger currency benefits importers.Consumers and busi nesses benefit from a better Canada-U. S. exchange rate through less overpriced imports from the U. S. The depreciation of the dollar lowers import costs and, more specifically, offers cheaper capital goods, making investment in new machinery and equipment in Canada cheaper. Canadian businesses import 80% of equipment and machinery, and with these imports now more affordable, a boost to business investment can be expected. However, some argue that with the loss of revenue, investments in new machinery and equipment would not be substantial.